Lepidodendron, also known as
“scale tree”, is an extinct prehistoric tree which was one of the most abundant
trees of the Carboniferous period. It lived in some of the wettest parts of the
prehistoric coal swamps and commonly grew in dense stands. Lepidodendron was
primitive, vascular and absorbent and was related to modern day club mosses. It
could grow to a height of over 180 feet (54 metres) and its trunk was often
over 6 feet, or 1.8 metres in diameter. Its trunk produced little wood, and was
composed instead of mostly soft tissues. Most of the structural support came
from a thick, bark-like region in the trunk. The plant rarely branched, but
when it did it was crowned with a cluster of long and narrow leaves which
resembled large blades of grass spirally-arranged and ending in cones. Both the
leaves and the trunk were green in colour. Common fossils include
tightly-packed diamond-shaped leaf scars, which were left by the leaves as they
dropped off the trunks and stems of the tree fern as it grew. By the end of the
Mesozoic era, this fascinating plant had unfortunately died out.
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